Thermodynamics
Heat Energy Calculator
Heat energy required for a temperature change (Q = mcΔT), in joules, kJ and kWh.
Q = m × c × ΔT
Also called q = mcat · thermal energy calculator
Science · 9 calculators
Thermodynamics Calculators
Heat energy, specific heat, conduction, thermal expansion, Carnot efficiency, ideal gas, heat capacity and latent heat.
Thermodynamics
Specific Heat Calculator
Specific heat capacity from heat added, mass and temperature change — identify a material.
c = Q / (m × ΔT)
Also called specific heat capacity · c = q/mdt
Thermodynamics
Heat Transfer Calculator (Conduction)
Conductive heat flow through a wall or material layer from conductivity, area, thickness and ΔT.
Fourier's law: Q = k·A·ΔT / d
Also called conduction calculator · fourier law
Thermodynamics
Thermal Expansion Calculator
Linear, area and volume expansion of a material when its temperature changes.
ΔL = L₀ × α × ΔT
Also called linear expansion · expansion coefficient
Thermodynamics
Carnot Efficiency Calculator
Maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine between two temperatures, and COP for heat pumps.
η = 1 − T_cold / T_hot (temperatures in k…
Also called carnot cycle · maximum heat engine efficiency
Thermodynamics
Ideal Gas Law Calculator
Solve PV = nRT for pressure, volume, moles or temperature, in consistent SI units.
PV = nRT, R = 8.314 J/(mol·K)
Also called pv = nrt · gas law calculator
Thermodynamics
Temperature Change Calculator
Temperature rise or fall from heat added or removed (ΔT = Q / mc).
ΔT = Q / (m × c)
Also called delta t calculator · temperature rise
Thermodynamics
Heat Capacity Calculator
Total heat capacity of an object (C = Q/ΔT = mc) and the energy to change its temperature.
C = m × c
Also called thermal capacity · heat capacity formula
Thermodynamics
Latent Heat Calculator
Energy to melt or boil a substance (Q = mL) with common latent heat values for water.
Q = m × L
Also called latent heat of fusion · latent heat of vaporization
Key thermodynamics formulas
| Heat Energy | Q = m × c × ΔT |
|---|---|
| Specific Heat | c = Q / (m × ΔT) |
| Heat Transfer Calculator (Conduction) | Fourier's law: Q = k·A·ΔT / d |
| Thermal Expansion | ΔL = L₀ × α × ΔT |
| Carnot Efficiency | η = 1 − T_cold / T_hot (temperatures in kelvin) |
| Ideal Gas Law | PV = nRT, R = 8.314 J/(mol·K) |
| Temperature Change | ΔT = Q / (m × c) |
| Heat Capacity | C = m × c · Q = C × ΔT |
| Latent Heat | Q = m × L |
Thermodynamics questions
Which units must I use?
Pascals, cubic metres, moles and kelvin with R = 8.314. If you prefer atm and litres, use R = 0.08206 instead.