Force & Energy
Force Calculator
Newton's second law: solve for force, mass or acceleration (F = ma), with the weight equivalent.
F = m × a
Also called f = ma · newtons second law
Science · 10 calculators
Force & Energy Calculators
Force, kinetic, potential and mechanical energy, work, power, momentum, impulse, spring energy and gravity.
Force & Energy
Kinetic Energy Calculator
Kinetic energy (½mv²) of a moving object, with the velocity needed for a target energy.
KE = ½ m v²
Also called ke calculator · kinetic energy formula
Force & Energy
Potential Energy Calculator
Gravitational potential energy (mgh) at a height, with the speed it reaches if dropped.
PE = m g h
Also called pe calculator · gravitational potential energy
Force & Energy
Mechanical Energy Calculator
Total mechanical energy (kinetic + potential) of an object and how it converts between the two.
E = KE + PE = ½mv² + mgh
Also called total mechanical energy · ke plus pe
Force & Energy
Work Calculator
Work done by a force over a distance (W = F·d), solving for work, force or displacement.
W = F × d × cos θ (θ = 0 when force and m…
Also called work done formula · work physics calculator
Force & Energy
Power Calculator
Power as work done per unit time (P = W/t) — solve for power, work or time, in watts and horsepower.
P = W / t
Also called power formula physics · watts from work
Force & Energy
Momentum Calculator
Linear momentum p = mv — solve for momentum, mass or velocity, with the impulse needed to stop it.
p = m × v
Also called p = mv · linear momentum
Force & Energy
Impulse Calculator
Impulse (J = FΔt) and the change in momentum it produces, or the force needed for an impulse.
J = F × Δt = m × Δv
Also called impulse momentum theorem · impulse formula
Force & Energy
Spring Energy Calculator
Elastic potential energy stored in a spring (½kx²) and the restoring force from Hooke's law.
E = ½kx²
Also called hookes law calculator · elastic potential energy
Force & Energy
Gravitational Force Calculator
Newton's law of universal gravitation: the attraction between two masses at a distance.
F = G·m₁·m₂ / r², G = 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/…
Also called law of gravitation · gravity between two objects
Key force & energy formulas
| Force | F = m × a |
|---|---|
| Kinetic Energy | KE = ½ m v² |
| Potential Energy | PE = m g h |
| Mechanical Energy | E = KE + PE = ½mv² + mgh |
| Work | W = F × d × cos θ (θ = 0 when force and motion align) |
| Power | P = W / t |
| Momentum | p = m × v |
| Impulse | J = F × Δt = m × Δv |
| Spring Energy | E = ½kx² · F = −kx |
| Gravitational Force | F = G·m₁·m₂ / r², G = 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg² |
Force & Energy questions
What is 1 newton?
One newton is the force needed to accelerate 1 kg at 1 m/s². On Earth, a 1 kg mass weighs about 9.81 N.