Solution & Concentration
Molarity Calculator
Molarity (mol/L) from moles or grams of solute and the solution volume — solve for any variable.
M = moles of solute ÷ litres of solution
Also called molar concentration · mol/l calculator
Science · 9 calculators
Solution & Concentration Calculators
Molarity, molality, mass and volume percent, dilution, ppm and ppb, mole fraction and solution preparation.
Solution & Concentration
Molality Calculator
Molality (mol of solute per kg of solvent), with the boiling and freezing point shift it causes.
b = moles of solute ÷ kg of solvent
Also called molal concentration · mol/kg calculator
Solution & Concentration
Mass Percent Calculator
Mass percent (w/w) of a solution from solute and solvent masses, in %, ppm and ppb.
% w/w = mass of solute ÷ total mass of so…
Also called weight percent · w/w percentage
Solution & Concentration
Volume Percent Calculator
Volume percent (v/v) of a solution, used for alcohol and liquid mixtures.
% v/v = volume of solute ÷ total volume ×…
Also called v/v percentage · percent by volume
Solution & Concentration
Dilution Calculator
Dilution equation C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ — find the stock volume, final volume or concentration you need.
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
Also called c1v1 c2v2 · stock solution dilution
Solution & Concentration
Concentration Calculator
Convert between g/L, mol/L, mass percent, ppm and mg/mL for any solute.
g/L ÷ M = mol/L
Also called concentration converter · g/l to mol/l
Solution & Concentration
PPM Calculator
Convert between ppm, ppb, percent and mg/L, for water quality and trace concentrations.
1 ppm = 1 mg/L in water = 0.0001%
Also called parts per million · ppb calculator
Solution & Concentration
Mole Fraction Calculator
Mole fraction of solute and solvent in a two-component mixture, with mole percent.
χ₁ = n₁ / (n₁ + n₂)
Also called mole percent · chi calculator
Solution & Concentration
Solution Preparation Calculator
How much solid to weigh out, or stock to pipette, to make a solution of a given strength and volume.
mass = molarity × volume (L) × molar mass…
Also called how to make a solution · prepare molar solution
Key solution & concentration formulas
| Molarity | M = moles of solute ÷ litres of solution |
|---|---|
| Molality | b = moles of solute ÷ kg of solvent · ΔT = i·K·b |
| Mass Percent | % w/w = mass of solute ÷ total mass of solution × 100 |
| Volume Percent | % v/v = volume of solute ÷ total volume × 100 |
| Dilution | C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ |
| Concentration | g/L ÷ M = mol/L · ppm ≈ mg/L for dilute water solutions |
| PPM | 1 ppm = 1 mg/L in water = 0.0001% |
| Mole Fraction | χ₁ = n₁ / (n₁ + n₂) |
| Solution Preparation | mass = molarity × volume (L) × molar mass ÷ purity |
Solution & Concentration questions
What is the difference between molarity and molality?
Molarity uses the volume of the whole solution; molality uses the mass of the solvent only, so it does not change with temperature.