About the Complex Subtraction Calculator
Subtract complex numbers (a + bi) − (c + di) and see the result in rectangular and polar form.
Also known as: subtract complex numbers, difference of complex numbers.
How to use this calculator
- Enter z₁, z₂.
- The result updates instantly as you type — press Calculate (or Enter) at any time.
- Review the breakdown shown under the main result.
- Use Copy result or Share to save the answer or send a link with your inputs.
Formula
(a + bi) − (c + di) = (a − c) + (b − d)i
Worked example
Using the values pre-filled in the calculator above:
- z₁: 3 + 4i
- z₂: 1 - 2i
the calculator returns:
- z₁ − z₂: 2 + 6i
- Polar form: 6.32455532 ∠ 71.565051°
- Modulus |z|: 6.32455532